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- October 1990
-
-
- SAFETY ACTION TEAM
-
- By
-
- Rod Englert
- Lieutenant
- Multnomah County, Oregon, Sheriff's Department
-
-
- Throughout the past decade, the City of Portland, Oregon,
- once well known for its natural beauty and peacefulness,
- experienced a drastic change. Gang violence, fueled by an
- increased flow of crack cocaine throughout the area, led to an
- astounding rise in crime rates. Turf battles between rival gangs
- erupted in once placid neighborhoods.
-
- THE PROBLEM
-
- The housing authority projects throughout the area were
- particularly hard hit by the violence and criminal activity.
- Specifically, the Columbia Villa Housing Project became notorious
- for gang-sponsored violence, drug dealings, and drive-by
- shootings. Turf battles ensued as rival gangs sought to dominate
- the growing drug trade in the project, and residents of Columbia
- Villa found themselves caught in the middle of the turf warfare.
-
- In this environment, crime became a way of life for many.
- Children acted as lookouts and runners for the drug dealers; some
- even became small-time peddlers. Teens were pressured to join
- gangs and commit crimes against other residents as rights of
- initiation. Juvenile delinquency thrived. Residents who refused
- to join the criminal element often found themselves the victims
- of it.
-
- In addition to the crime problem, residents of Columbia
- Villa faced a variety of social and economic barriers. Nearly
- 100 percent of the families in the project lived at or below the
- poverty level, with annual family incomes ranging from $2,500 to
- $12,000. Many residents lacked high school diplomas and could not
- read at a functional level, which severely limited their
- employment potential. Other residents suffered chronic or
- unattended health problems. Transportation and access to child
- care were very limited. Few residents possessed job skills or
- experience, and there was a chronic lack of positive role
- models.
-
- A VIABLE SOLUTION
-
- In April 1989, the Housing Authority of Portland (HAP)
- contracted with the Multnomah County Sheriff's Office to provide
- police services in Columbia Villa for 1 year. The goals were to:
-
- * Reduce the fear of crime
-
- * Reduce the actual criminal activity in the project, and
-
- * Empower the tenants of Columbia Villa to regain control
- by building their self-confidence and self-esteem.
-
- The contract stipulated that HAP would provide office space
- for the deputies assigned to Columbia Villa, while the sheriff's
- office would assign one lieutenant, three sworn deputies, and two
- community services officers (CSOs) to the project. In addition
- to an unmarked administrative vehicle, the officers used a
- nine-passenger, marked van and one marked patrol car. The office
- space for the sheriff's office personnel was located next to the
- on-site housing authority manager to facilitate information
- sharing.
-
- SAFETY ACTION TEAM
-
- The group assigned to Columbia Villa was named the Safety
- Action Team (SAT). Members possessed the necessary professional
- and social skills that would enable them to deal effectively with
- the complexities that characterized life in Columbia Villa. In
- early April 1989, the team went to work to reduce the fear of
- crime and to help the residents reclaim their housing
- development.
-
- METHODS
-
- The Safety Action Team employs specific methods to stem the
- tide of crime. These include:
-
- * ``Walking and Talking''--Each officer and CSO was
- responsible for contacting five residents per shift
-
- * Working with the maintenance staff to structure parking
- lots with painted lines and registering residents'
- vehicles with annual renewable parking decals (only
- residents would be allowed to park in the lots)
-
- * Identifying criminal elements, particularly the drug
- dealers and gang members; warning them and their
- families of eviction for continued criminal activity
-
- * Identifying outsiders who bring problems into the area
- and begin enforcing trespass ordinances
-
- * Training residents in crime prevention techniques, such
- as situation avoidance, burglary proofing, and
- especially, crime reporting
-
- * Identifying truants and transporting them to class, while
- encouraging children to stay in school
-
- * Establishing an athletic program, such as the Police
- Athletic League (PAL), and recruiting off-duty police
- officers or citizens to assist in coaching teams
-
- In addition to these steps, the SAT organized trips for
- children to the zoo and other places of interest, made job
- placement available to youths, and attempted to create an
- atmosphere of safety for the elderly and handicapped by making
- the marked police van available to them for transportation to
- the hospital, store, or work.
-
- SAT ON PATROL
-
- The unique geographic layout and size of the housing project
- presented special problems to the SAT. Since contact with as
- many of the residents as possible was a primary goal, and because
- crime could occur any place within the 77-acre project, SAT
- personnel quickly realized that the success of their program
- depended on mobility.
-
- To increase the officers' mobility, two private businesses
- and the local Rotary Club donated five mountain bikes and
- accessory equipment. The deputies' uniforms were modified to
- conform to the needs of cycling, and members of the Bicycle Unit
- of the Seattle, Washington, Police Department assisted with the
- training. The deputies learned to tackle running suspects from
- their bikes, dismount at 25 m.p.h without injury, and ride up and
- down stairs. Not only did the bicycles enable the officers to
- contact residents more easily, but the use of bicycles also
- enhanced the deputies' ability to spot criminal activity. No one
- expected an officer to be riding a bike.
-
- RESULTS
-
- During the first 4 months of the program, the deputies
- personally contacted 1,752 tenants. Through the SAT's efforts,
- 75 Columbia Villa residents, including many former gang members,
- gained employment in the Portland area.
-
- Deputies transported tenants scheduled for court appearances
- to their trials and hearings. Some of the suspects were released
- by the court back to the supervision of the SAT. The releases
- were conditional, with many of the defendants becoming involved
- in cleaning up the parking lots and grounds around their homes.
- Pride slowly began to build, and with it, emerged a new
- atmosphere in Columbia Villa. Tenants, who were first
- apprehensive about visiting the SAT office, began to request help
- or offer their assistance. Children began to center activities
- around the office and looked to the SAT personnel as new role
- models, replacing the drug dealers and gang leaders.
-
- Calls to the Central Dispatch Center became more detailed as
- residents of the project took an increased personal interest in
- ridding the neighborhood of crime. Soon after the SAT program
- was instituted, a noticeable reduction in the fear of crime had
- encouraged tenants of Columbia Villa to believe that with their
- support, criminal activity could be significantly reduced in the
- project.
-
- As media accounts began to tell of the change taking place
- in Columbia Villa, the community responded with an outpouring of
- support and donations. Church groups in the surrounding areas
- contacted the SAT office wanting to know how they could volunteer
- their time and efforts. Area businesses provided free of charge
- nutritional snacks for the children of the project, fishing
- trips, basketball uniforms, tickets to cultural and sporting
- events, even a new microwave oven and computer. In essence, the
- community got involved.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- Within the first month of the SAT program, the fear of crime
- had been significantly reduced in Columbia Villa. As the fear of
- crime diminished, tenants gradually became confident enough to
- make detailed calls to the police and sheriff's departments when
- criminal activity was observed.
-
- Eventually, through the efforts of the SAT, an atmosphere of
- pride began to replace despair in the project. Because of the
- mobility of the SAT team and the newly acquired diligence of the
- residents, open air drug deals are no longer the norm in the
- project. Gang activity diminished as the gangs were denied new
- members. Now, the project's youth center activities around the
- SAT officers.
-
- The pilot program sparked the interest of other law
- enforcement agencies with large housing projects within their
- jurisdictions. The success of the SAT program in meeting its
- three original goals reducing the fear of crime, reducing
- actual criminal activity, and empowering project residents to
- reclaim their neighborhood demonstrates how law enforcement can
- take a lead role in reversing the tide of crime.